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1879-1909	\|	1918-1930	\|	1931-1949	\|	1950-1972	\|	1973-1978
From 1918 to 1930

a Ljiy affhf ahff

1918

bgah <nuhL efuh jiyt Mdh. J kj J rhKiw J - Fghf, uhl dij ml xLFtjfhf ghgd j bfhoa lhik J t mGjkhd btW bfhlnghY, tUila jlushj neik jiywj Uthf wD gntW bghJ Jiw mikf vzw gjfis gRfshf <o jjd tUF.
Mnya M, w mwkw eLtuhf (fut khonu) tiu mkaJ. khtl fHf, tl fHf, efu t, kj njtjhd mwflis, bghJ yf, nghUF M njFG, ntshikahs rf, tf rf, kfh#d g UthfFG - go gy muRJiw - kW jah Jiw mikf jiyt, Jiz jiyt, brayhs - vbwyh 29 w iy gjfis t VUjh.
vzw aikahj eth lf tuh brikahf eilKiw gLjgld. Fghf, Fo l wikahf braKiwF tjJ.
bgah <nuhL efuh jiytuhf Uj bghGJ, dh ah ftd - b#du Md U. . uhrnfhghy Mrh ahUF (uh#h) tUF ilna ew kyjJ.

1919

U. . tujuhRY ehL, U. . uhrnfhghy Mrhah Mnah, kfhkh fh t elJ nja fhuR f nrUkhW tiu U ntobfhld.
<nuhL efuh jiyt gjia y L fhuR f cWduhf bgah jik izJ bfhlh.

1920

Mnya Mia vJ kfhkh fhaof bjhla xJiHahik af f MtJl t <Lglh.
mj jiyt vG miHig VW, jh nkbfhoUj 29 bghJJiw gjf midij Jwjh. xU g iy cUgh 10 (gJ) Tl fhj mj fhy MLnjhW cUgh 20,000 <o tj bjh Wtdijna _olh; FLg tfijna Jwjh.
<nuho wfgl 144 rl  jil rlij  Kj Kjyhf t ifJ Mdh.
kfhkh fhaofis bgah edh; j jiytuhf VW bfhlh.
vdnt mtj cik bjhluhf fhaof xbthU brhYF bra tot ju t bjhldh.
mjF X vLJfhL: fj iy rfu _y t wh. fj Jiana ma ntL vW fhaof flis Lj clndna iy caj btehL Jfis  vJL, fj Miliana ma Kglh. mJl, 80 taJs j midah cl jf FLg cWd midtiunk fj Mil kLnk cLj flhagLdh! mJtiu Jj Mlguij JwJ, jkJ thif gaz xbthU iyYnk vik gig foghd anghL filojh.

kJyF bfhifia iyehoat
1921

kJyF bfhif Kj Kj cUthf bgwJ bgah mtf ynyna. fhah <nuhL tJ tuJ y jdh. mbghGJ, Fonghij fztfsh fbfhoa JWjYF cshF kida jhbfhzhj kdtia g bgah Jizah ehfikahU, jif fzkhS mtl s Td; kJ bghUfis jil br bfhifia tFnj u ntL vW mGjkhf tWd. jfhf xU nghuhlijna elj ntL vW thld.
nghwjf j fUid fhah clnd VW bfhlh. kJyF bfhifia eilKiwgLJkhW Mnya muir tW ehL KGtJ fhuR fd fSfil Kdh ka bra ntL vW mjh.
kJyF bfhifia iyehl fhah Lj mj flisia iwntW tjfhf, jKila guj njhf f cgfhf w 500-F nkgl bjid kufis bgah ntnuhL bto dh. mj msF kJyF bfhifY cWahd o bfhoUjh t.
<nuhL ef nghuhl ufis tel brW fSfil Kdh ka jh bgah. t ifJ bragL, xU khj iw jlid fglh.

1922

tj kid ehfkhS jif fzkhS s f JrnyhL Fjd; fSfil Kdh ka brtjF bg bjhlfis jhfns t el brwd.
mj nghuhlij WLkhW, fhuR f Kd jiytf y khkj fhahiu nto bfhld. mbghGJ mtnuh sia WJ mjifa Koit jkh kLnk vLf KoahJ vW <nuho cs uL bgkf iffjh mJ UwJ vW mt cWglnt ciujh. bgah mtf kid jifnk mt Fgh cza U bgkf.

jehL fhu jiyt
1922

bgah jehL fhu FG jiyt Mdh. U eilbgw mj f khy kheho, uhl dij nrj M uhl midtU tghL bra nfhfSF mDkfgl ntL vgij tWJ xU khdij bfhL tjh. Mdh fhu FG Uj ghgdf mj khd iwntwhjgo jLJld.
jfsJ tUz jUk vD rh Kiwia filog mtf fhoa btjdjh Fj Mu milj bgah - Ma kDRU, uhkhaz Kjyhdtiw bfhSj ntL vW mjh. Vbd, rh kW _leif vD bfhLikfsh uhl dijna ml xL gLJtjF jf kj fUfshf mtiw trfkhd ghgd gagLd.

1923

J kj nfhf ghgd ela Rul ntilF Ko fl - gdf mur jiyik mikj  f muR, brid khfhz rl nkyit, xU rlij iwnt J rka mwiya Jiw mikf t tFjJ.
jh xU fhu jiytuhf Uj nghY Tl  f M iwnta mj rlij bgah Mjjh. Jkj Mafsh xL cUFiyfgl uhl djtUF r_f , f, ntiy th, bghUa nghwt rk cikfS mila ntL vg cikahd mfiw bfhoUjnj bgah mgo MjjjF fhuz.

r_f fhd ngh kwt
1924

muR Miz _y fY ntiy thY tFth l xJL bfhifia bragLj  f M nkbfhS el toiffis bgah ghuhodh.
J rhahf f Hhd moikfshf M uhliu ml xLFtjF xU tKiwahf lhik vgij ghgd fLikahf filojd. mj bfhoa rh Kiwia xJ fL bghUL, nfush khy itf vD C jil rlij  beRunjhL nghuhlJF bgah jiyik VW eldh.
itf vD mj ef, nfhiy Rs bjUf <Ht vD jhjgl kf elgjF Tl mDkfgliy. vdntjh mnf cq fhu fd ka nghuhlij bjhld.
mjF jiyik jhF bghWig VgjF jehoUJ tUkhW bgahUF ntLnfh Ljd. tU mnf mj sF jiyik Vwh. mjdh uL jlitf iw jlid fglh.
mj ka ngh X MLFnk ojJ. d lglhjtF bjUf wJlgld; elgjF mDk iljJ.
kj cikfSfhf JrnyhL eilbgw nghuhlK, ahfK btia <o jjd. mjdh itf u vW bgah miHfglh..

1924 brlg 11

Mnya M maehL bghUf wfF, fj Jiana cLj ntL vgjF K bfhif KHf (urhu) brjh vgjfhf t iw jlid fglh.

1924

Ubent mUnf nrukhnj C eilbgw nja g g L FUFy vd miHfbgwJ. t.nt.R. ma vD ghgd mj bghWid VUjh. jehL fhu FG VgLa mj FUFy, uhl dij nrj bfhilahf  cjahY aaJ. MDmj bghWid VUjtnuh mnf rh ntWghil fhodh. ghgd - ghgduyhjh vW jjna J itJ cz gkhwglJ.
uhl khztfis jna xJ itJ jkJ Ma d ghgd khztfSF kL j rYif fhoa t.nt.R. ma rh btjd Fj mQF Kiw bgahl Muijna _oaJ. Mfnt khbgU kj gghsuhd t, mj ghgd bfhoa nghif foJ jehL fhu FG brayhsuhd bgah nghbfho dh.
1924 etg f Utzhkiy eilbgw fhu f khfhz khehLF t jiyik jhdh.
Mf brYJ ghgdF izahf thif vyh JiwfY caj iyfis vl, j iyfis Ju mof ghgd myhjh vdgL uhl djtF fY muR mYtfY tFth l xJL flha ntL. j nfhifia tWJ khdij 1920 M ML Kjny fhu khehLf KbkhJ bfhnl Ujh bgah.
jh jiyik Vw 1924 Utzhkiy fhu khfhz khehoY mj khdij t bfhL tjh.
Mdh, ghgdfnsh, Ubent (1920), jrh (1921), U (1922), nry (1923) Ma fhu khehLf brjij nghnw Utzhkiy (1924) khehoY bgah khdij njhfojd.

1924

nry ef xU bghJTl ngR bghGJ bgah X vrif Ljh: Mnya M fhynyna ghgd myhjh (uhl) tFth lxJL cikia bgwh xa ghgd nkyhfij xfnt KoahJ; uhl djt, uhknzhu vD ghga bfhLnfh M Jggljh ntL vwh. thW xU a brhyhfijna t cUthdh.

1925 - nk 2

Fo muR vD jiy xU j thu jiH bgah btlh. jhnk mj Mauhf mkjh. J kj bfhoa rh Kiw kW _leif _y ghgduh ml moikgLjgl uhl djtUF z CL jkhd vG bfhiffis mj j thyhf gudh.
Jwnfhy l j Ph ft f brhbghthsUkhd, f j Ugh - Phah mof Fo muR thu Vo Kj jiH btlh.

1925 - etg

j yha, j Ma, brhbghths, bjhyhs jiyt - vbwyh gyJiw mPuhf fjt j bjw U. . fahzRjudh (U..f.). mtuJ jiyik fhu ef fhu khehL eilbgwJ. mY Tl, ghgd myhjhUF WF 50 GfhL tFth l xJL ntL vW khd bfhLtjh bgah.
tHfnghynt ju f ghgd, mJ iwntWtij jLjd. mj njh viyaw Mufhuuhf khaJ bgahiu. vdnt, ghgduh KGikahf ifgwgL Mf brYa khfhz jiyik bghW FGit bfhl fhuR fUJ t btnadh.
mthW fhuRF il bfhLj bghGJ, jkJ vfhy xnu ntiy - ghgd Mf Mia bfhl fhuir vyh tiffY monahL xJ fLtJjh vW bgah o KHfJl NSiujh. t khehil L btnaa clndna, f bgU vif f Kd jiytfS bjhlfS tiu bjhlJ tJld.
Rakahij af njhWjt

1925 - org

mnj fhu fhuRF nghoahf ghgd myhjh khehil bgah eldh.
jkJ brhbgh, gil fhy Kjbfhnl, uhlF MaF (ghgdF) ilnaahd j d ntWghL vbghGJnk UJ tJsJ vW, mJnt iwa fhu fY ytij kWfnt KoahJ vW bgah btgilahf vLJiujh. Mfnt J kj rh Kiw kW _l eif _ykhf ghga Mfjh thf ufgl uhl d, bkh, ehff Mat jkhdij fo fhgh bfhtJ tf flha njit vW t tW ngdh.
thwhfnt, fhuR fiaL btnaa bgah, 1925-M Mo Rakahij af (Self-Respect Movement) vD Uj ghriwia njhWjh.

1926

jeho gntW lfY eilbgw Vuhskhd ghgd myhjh (uhl) khehLf t gF bfhlh. ghgdF moikf vD UJ jfis LJ bfhS bghUL uhl djt z ia bfhGJ l brtjfhf jkJ jkhd af bfhiffis gudh t.

1927

fhu f jiyt v.nf. fh mtfis bgfS bgah ne rJ thjh. tUzhuk jUk vD eR nfL bfhl rhKiwia ntnuhL fisbjjh m, ghgduh othjkhf filofgL lhik ikia xgJ vgJ Koahj bra vW mtl fLikahfnt t thj jh.
ah LjiyF nghuhLtjF Kd, ehil mRWJ _W Ffis Kj xJfl ntL vW fhahl t mGjkhfnt vLJiujh. mit tUkhW: (1) fhu f (ghgd bghWghsf Mf  csJ). (2) rhKiwia bfhl J kj. (3) ghgdf nkyhf.
ehfgod unt bjhrhiy Caf ntiyWj btoj bghGJ bjhyhsfis Mjjh bgah. mjdh ifJ bragL iw milfglh.

1928

brid khfhz lhl . Rguha mtfis jiytuhf bfhl jirahd (vj f rh yhj) M eilbgwJ. m l bgW Uj mikr v. Kijah (Kjah), tFth l xJL lij bgah Kidghd Mjul eilKiw gLdh.
1928 - etg 7-M eh u (Revolt) vD My jiH bgah bjhldh.

1929

Rakahij af vgj Kj khfhz khehL brfgL ef 1929 ut khj bgah Kaah eilbgwJ. U. l..V. ru ghoa khehLF jiyik jhdh.

Rakahij Uj Ukz
1929

Rakahij Ukz vd miHfbgW gFj jGa xU a thif xgj Kiwia bgah Kj Kj mKf brJ el fhodh.
j f - vyh kj rlFfS, fl tghL, jf rkUj bkh ghgd kuf xJjY fgld; J kzkf, vtnuD xUtuJ jiyik khiyfis xUtUF xUt mJ bfhL thif xgj cW bkhia jf jhbkh (jHf j) Tdhny nghJ. j Ukz gfL Mlgunk TlhJ; ff fdkhf J eilbgw ntL; itna jkJ Uj Ukz KiwF bgah tFj tiuaiw f.
j a Ukz Vgho _y kjrhik (Secularism) nfhghil bgah bragLdh. vj kjij rhjtuhf Uj nghY, vtU jiyik jh, kzkfis thif rk cik gFjhuuhf MF cW bkhia goFkhW khiyfis kh bfhSkhW T kz Hhit el itfyh.
Jikahd j Ukz l _y, rh kW - kj kW - fy Ukzfis, ifbg (jit) kWkzij CfgL eilbgw brjh bgah.
(jij bgahiu kLnk xnu jiytuhf Vw gFj jsgahd nguP mzh, 1967- jehL khy Kjyikruhf jh Ms bjhlaJ, Rakahij Ukz KiwF vd j rl iwnt j jiytiu kjh.)

knyahF Kj btehL gaz
1929 - org 15

knyah eho (iwa knyah ehL) thG j kf miHig VW ehfgod JiwKfUJ jkJ fg gazij bgah bjhldh. mj Kj btehL gaz Jizah ehfkhS af bjhlf yU cl brwd.
org-20
dhF JiwKf 50,000-F nkgl knyah jHf fl nghy uL, bgahUF tj FGdUF vG Fj tunt tHd.
org - 23
<ngh ef, jH Uj rf VghL brj jH khehil wJ itJ ciuahdh bgah.
org - 26
f ef bgahUF t FGdUF khbgU k tunt tHfbgwJ. mnf knyah a fhu ela kheho bgah brhbgh Mdh.
(meh Mnya M knyah eho xU khykhfnt f UjJ. nghJ Ljiy bgw jehlhfnt J sFwJ.)
org W ehf
knyah eho nfhyhy, kyhfh, ij, Rifglh Kjyhd gntW lfY jkJ jkhd af bfhiffis bgah KHdh.

jHf Ua ...
1930 - rdt 16

bgah kW t FGd knyah ehoUJ fg W jehL Ud.
y khjf, xU wj Kndhoahf FLg fLghL g bgah  btlh. FHijf vifia FiwF KiwF fUJ gug (urhu) brjh. meh a muR FHij fLghL lij bragLJtjF Kng, mj flha njitia ahnyna Kj Kj tWa gFj   vGa MaU bgah xUt kLnk!
nk khj 10-11
<nuhL ef Rakahij af ulhtJ khfhz khehil bgah eldh. kuhoa khy nd ef thj gFj jiyt U. v. M. b#af mj khehLF jiyik jhdh. mnj ntis khfhz khehil xo, isP khehL, bgf khehL, kJyF khehL, j ir Mju khehL - Mait bgah Kaah eil bgwd.
njtjh Kiwia xF rl Ktiuit (Bill) bgah Kidghf Mjjh.
(nks, ehad Kjyhd ir fUfis gagLJ xU tFid nrj s bgfis J nfhf eld, eifauhf bghLfo bghJ kf MF bfhoa Kiwia FaJ ghga. mj mHfns njtjhf vd miHfbgwd.)
lhl KJyR buo xU Uj bgk Mth. mtnu mj rl Ktiuit toJ, rhbt oj ghgd jiytf vig KaoJ, brid rl nkyit iwntw brJ lh. jF bgah bgU Mjuit bjjh.

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