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K F

bgah Rakahij afij bjhldh (1919- 25)

jf cl, kd, xGf wfis midtU tsJ bfhs midJ MfSF bgfSF rk th mfgl ntL vgnj bgah <. bt. uhkrh ( 17-9-1879 - 24-12-1973) mtf mogil jJt. j yif vl, kfilna y midJ tifahd ntW ghLfSF Ko fo, r_f  czit gFj fnzhlij tsf mt Udh.

jdJ bfhifis eilKiwgLj, brid uh#jh rfJl 1917- M Mo bgah jid bjhl gL bfhlh. ghgdyhjtfSF , Wghik r_f kfSF iHfgl mfis fis neh l xJL mF #h uJ t mtfSF mfgl ntL vW j rf ntLnfh itJ nghuhoaJ.

nja fhu fia kfhkh fh ( 1869- 1948) t el brw 1919- M Mo bgah fhu nrjh. <nuhL efuh jiyt gj cl mnghJ mt tJ tj 29 bghJ gjfis mt Jwjh. ey yhg ilJ bfhoUj jdJ kif kW trha bghUf bkhj ahghuij iflh; mnghJjh a jhf bjhlf gl jdJ ghiyiamt _olh. fh gagLJ gHfij gutJ, fSfil ka brtJ ma ehL J F filfis wfgJ, lhikia xgJ nghw Mftkhd bralfis bgah KGkdJl VW ukhf braglh. 1921- fS fil ka brjjfhf mt <nuho iw jlid bgwh. mt kid kW rnfhj MnahUk  nghuhl fyJ bfhlnghJ, nguhl ntf ToaJ; VnjD xU rkurF tuntoa flha iy UthfF VglJ.

U 1922- elj jehL fhu fo Tl bgah xU khd bfhL tjh. wdh kfilna ntW ghL fhlgLtij KoF bfhL tu, midJ #hfis nrj kfS midJ nfhYFS brW tgl mDkf ntL vgnj mj khd. ntj kW J rhuf TwgLstiw vLJ fho fo Uj ghgd cWdf j khdij vJ, mJ iwntwgl ayhk jLJ Wd. ca #hia nrj cWdf j v nghdh Mntr milj bgah kDjk rhu, uhkhaz Matiw bfhSj nghtjhf mjh. kf r_f, kj, fyhrhu mrfis g j uhz, rhuf TWtij VW bfhs jdJ vig fhL Kfjh j mig bgah btlh.

r_f fyhrhuu bfhL tugl ntL vw bgah cWahd Ko, jdJ Kndw lfis eil Kiw gLatf vfshf UjnghJ mtfis MjF iyF mtiu MshaJ. J nfhf kW kj mwflidf Uthf fhy fhykhf Mf brY, jf Raeyfhf jtwhf gagL tj ca #hd Mfij KoF bfhL tU nehfJl  f 1923- J kj mwflis FGit cUthaij, xU fhufhuuhf Uj nghJ bgah Mjjj fhuz Jjh.

ed ah tuyh Kj Kjyhf tuyhW f f itf rahuf nghuhl (1924-25) bgU bt bgwjF bgah Ma gF rW Fiwjjy. bghJ ghijfis ljfhj kf Rju khf vj j jil gagLj, mJ nghw kw rkJt iwj r_f eltoif fis nkbfhs  nghuhl t tFjJ.

Mnya murhf elJ gfSF xU khwhf nja g g xW j eho bj gF UbentF mU cs nrukhnj bjhlfglJ. FUFy vW miHfgl mj gia jehL fhu fo, ju ghgduyhj utyfS izJ jh cUthd. mjid ..v. ma vw xU ghgd UtJ tjh. mtuJ Uthf ghgd kW ghgduyhj khztf ilna ghFghL fhlglJ. cz, jF l kW ghll nghwt kw ghgduyhj khztfis l nkyhd Kiw ghgd khztf eljgld. jdJ MjuthsfSl nrJ bgah thW ghFghL fhlgLtjF fL v bjJ mjid KoF bfhL tjh.

tz #h eilKiw xfgLnghJ jh, cyf kf midtU midJ cik fis rkkhf mDggJ vw nfhghL eilKiw btbgW vW bgah cWahf edh. thW #hf mJ, r_f uik VgLtiu, r_f ia iyehl X Mf tkhd braghlhf #h mogilyhd l xJL Kiw bjhlu ntL vW mt Udh. mj fhuzkhf 1919- M ML Kj xbthU MoY elj jehL fhu fo TlY lxJL bfhifia VW bfhs ntL vw khdij bgah bfhL tjh. Mdh mtuJ Kaf vj j gaid mfiy; fhu fo j khdij VW bfhsntiy. mjdh 1925- etg elj fhu kheho nghJ bgah fhu afij L ydh. ghgdf Mfij KoF bfhL tu, #h mik KiwF vuhf nghuhl kfhkh fh jahuhf yhj iy, bgah mtiu L J tu nelJ.

Rakahij af

eho brtij Kndw gafis kf midJdU rkkhf EfU thid bgUf ntL vgJ, murhY UthfY jf kfbjhif nfw uJtij midJ r_f kfS bgUf ntL vgJjh bgah nfhghlhF. bgahUF K ntW gyU, Fghf  f vwiHfgl bja eycik rf j r_f  bfhifia tW tjJ. xU Mnuhakhd cyf fnzh lij bgUf cj tif jf mit tsJ bfhs kfSF gFj ghit njit vW bgah tWaJjh mtuJ f wj <L izaw gfghF. xU Jtifahd rkJt iwj r_f mikig cUthf Kndhoahf w mogil mikj, Vw jhf iwj, ghugakhd #h mik Kiw xfgl ntL vgij mt tWdh. ntW brhf TWtjhdh, tbgw ts Fj xU bghUshjhu iyia Rjukhd mua mikig cUthF K, xU gy bghUa r_f fyhrhu mo js nghlglntL vW bgah Udh.

j iyjh, 1925- njhWf gl Rakahij af, nfFa iHF _leiff, gHftH ff, rlFf, rujhaf MatWF vuhf f ukhd urhu xid illhJ nkbfhlJ. kf mahikia ngh, mtfis z bgw bra mt Udh. mjkw idfSF, aw ghFghL ffSF ttFF kj mikf kW kLfis khw njitahd eltoif f nkbfhsgl ntL vW mt tWdh. kh tU fhy njit nfwgo mtiw kh bfhL, iwa Niyl eilnghl awtfshf jfis kh bfhs mt kfSF Mnyhrid tHdh.

ghgd nuhjfS, kj rlFfS mw Ukzfis Rakahijfhuf eld. thif midJ iyfY MfSF bgfSF ilna rkJt yntL vW mtf tWdhf. #h kW kW jit Ukzfis mtf CFjd. 1920-M ML thnyna bgah FLg fL ghL l njitia g urhu brJ tjh. nfh njtjh Kiwid, FHij Ukzij rlgo xf mt Mju uodh. mnghUj brid uh#jh mu g thf l xJL Kiw 1928-  eilKiwgLj gLtjF bgah bjhlj ukhd urhunk Ka fhuzkhf mikjJ.

khehL

Rakahij af 1925- bjhlf glnghJ, 1929- utjh Kj Rakahij af khey khehL brfgo bgahuh VghL brJ eljglJ.  khehoF l. . rjughoa mtf jiyik tjhf. 1930- <nuho eilbgw ulhtJ khy khehoF v.M.b#af jiyik tjh. UJef eilbgw _whtJ khehoF r M. nf. Kf broah jiyik jhdh.  khehLf kfSF Mtij mjJ kLk, #h x, r_f xU iz, bgfSF rkcikf tHFtJ nghwit ga khdfS iwntw gld.

ntjfhy rdhjd jjk mogil mikj, Vw jhf iwj tz #h mik Kiw of ntL vw vj j MtK ahit Ml MnyaUF iy vgjh, jifa rkJtkw r_f mikig f njitahd eltoiffis nkbfhs ma muir rkf branth myJ gfnth aY vW bgahU mtiu gatfS fUd. mj fhuzkhf Rju nghuhl mtf xU j iyiana fil oJ tjd.

r_f fyhrhu rkJtF nghuhLtJ vw jdJ Kj bralJl bghUshjhu rkJtij VgLJ l ij bgah 1930- M MLf bjhl f izJ bfhlh. fhnu v. fhuntY vw Kd fL jiyt Ul nrJ, f bga Kjyhf, y Rthjhf Mnah kfis Ruo thtjF vuhf nghuhLkhW bjhyhs, trha Tf mikfis bgah cUthdh. fL fia, mj bfhiffis gWtjhf TbfhS ffis jil bra ka, khy murf 1930-M MLf il eltoiff nkbfhld. Rakahij af braghLfis jLf mtf bjhld. j neu xU Kakhd Koit nkbfhs ntoa iy bgah Ujh. Rju nghuhlij, bjhyhs mikfis el bry gy csd vgij jdJ mDgtUJ bgah mUjh. ghugakhd kj nfLfis btgLj, mfhu iwj nk#h ghgdiu vJ nghuhl btFynu Ktjd. j Niy r_f jhjgl, thf kWfgl tfshf r_f fyhrhu iy jUj kfis Kndw bgw br gia nkbfhs Rjukhf Uf nto jdJ rkjk braghLfis bgah FiwJ bfhlh.

bgahiu L fhu fF bfhL tu uh#h vwiHfgl . uh# nfhghyrh jiyik 1934- xU Ka nkbfhsglJ: Mdh mJ bt bgwiy. lxJo _y r_f ia tsgJ, Kakhd bga bga bjh rhiyf, ahghu Wtdf braghL f rkjkij eilKiwgLj, flRik iwj trhf Ja Jilj nghw braghLfbfhl xU bralij bgah jahjh. mj bralij  fF, mnghJ f bgW tsJ tj fhu fF bgah mD itjh. l xJL bfhif fhuRF V iy vgjh, mJ mt bra lij VW bfhsiy. r_f ia iyehL l xJL Kiw cl bgah nfhiff gytiw  f VW bfhljh, bgah mjid bjhlJ Mjjh.

xU a fhy ilbt fyhf 1921- M ML Kj 1937 tiu brid uh#jh M brJ tj  f njj fhu fl njh miljJ. uh#nfhgyhrh jiyik mikj fhu muR caiy gf ia flha ghlkhf mKf gLaJ. thW  ngrhj kfis ulh ju Fo kfshf MF j Kaia vjtf bgah a jiyik  xU khbgU nghuhlij nkbfhld. bgf,FHijf cl 1200 ngUF nkyhdtf 1938-  iw milfgld. iwthif fLik fhuzkhf mtf jhsKJ kW eluhr vw U bjhlf cHjd. j nghuhl ntf bgwnghJ, bgahUF uL ML fLfht jlidmf glJ. MdhY mt MWkhj fhy Lfglh. 1920 kW 1930 -F il gl fhy bgah mJ Kiw iw jlid milJsh.

1938 etg brid elj bgf khehL x <.bt. uhkrhia bgah vW miHgJ vw khd xW iwnt wglJ.

bgah iwthr UjnghJ, 1938 org 29 mW f jiytuhf njbjLfglh.

miwa brid khfhz  flha ghlkhfglij vj bgahUF ulhL fLfht jlid tHf glJ. Mdh mt MWkhjfSF wF Lfglh. LjiyF D F vuhd nghuhlij jh bjhlJ elj nghtjhf bgah mjh.

f

iw Uif f jiytuhf bgah njbjLfglij eh ghnjh. f vdgL bja ey cik rf 1938 org 29, 30 njf brid eilbgw jdJ khy kheho thW njbjLjJ. mogil, jdJ theh bjhlf Kj W tiu kf midt cikfSfhf nghuoat bgah. nghJ mtuJ afF xU a njhwid mt nrJ, Rju uhl ehL nfhifid Kitjh. jf r_f Mffhf kw r_fdiu ml xL itUj ca#h ghgdf tla Kjyhfshd gahfSl nrJ bfhL ia f, bja kfis bghUshjhu  Rul brtij fl bgah 1938-39  uhl ehL nfhifia vGg ntoa flha iyF cshdh.

uhlf vW bgah FlJ, xU d bjhlila uj ik mogil mikjJ my; thif Kiw kW kLf mogilnyna bgah uhl dij ghjh. ntjf, uhzf, jk rhuf nghwt fgLs r_f fyhrhu ghFghL bfhiff, gHf tHff, rujhaf, rlFf, ghugaij g tj ca#h ghgd Maf. rkJt r_f thif Kiw kW kLfis bfhltf uhlf. 1944 org cu unjr fh eilbgw gLjjgl, jhjgl  kf kheho ngR nghJ, jfis Jf vW T bfhtij ifL jfis uhl vW Tbfhs ntL vW tl ah cs ghgdyhj kfSF bgah ntLnfh Ljij F id TwntL.

1939 brlg khj ulh cyf ngh btojJ. fhu f jiytiu fyjhnyhfhknyna ah it ngh Mnya <LgLajF v bjJ, brid kW VG khfhzf M Uj fhu mikruitf mnlhg 29 mW gj yd. mnghJ vfahd  f jiytuhf Uj bgahiu muR mikF go khy MSeU, ftd b#duY 1940 kW 1942 MLf UKiw miHjd. jgl Kiw bgah eguhf Uj fhufhu uh#nghyhrh j miHig VW bfhL muR mikf bgahUF Mnyhrid TaJl,  f muRF jh bt UJ Mju mg jhf Tdh. MSe kW mtuJ Mnyhrff MF xU Ko fl ntL vW jh Utjhf uh#h sf mjh. Mdh UKiw M mikf bgah kWJlh. KjyhtJ, bghJkf bgUthahd thFfis bgwhk M mikgJ rawJ vW bgah fUdh. ulhtjhf, #h mik Kiwia xF, kjnea f gFj bfhiffis gu jdJ Kakhd gF, M mfhuij VW bfhtJ xU dilit VgLJ vW bgah fUdh.

1940 #dt 5 mW bgah ggh brwh. lhl . M. mngf bgahUF kahij mF tif UKiw Ujjh. 1940 #dt 8-njaW mtf K  jyt dhit mtuJ y rjd. j uhl ehofhf ghLgL j Koit g mnghJ bgah mtl sdh.

brid khfhzij ML tj MSeU mtuJ MnyhrffS gf Uj flha ghlkhd ia 1940 #dt 21 mW  lhf.  ig vJ nkbfhl nguhlF ilj btia ghuho dh bgahUF j xW mDdh.

1921 Kj lfhykhf M Uj f 1937 njj njhfofgl , mj jiytf gyU nrhtilUjd. mjdh mtf braglhk Ujd. jifa beUfoahd xU neu, f jiyik bghWig VW bfhs bgah rkjh. r_f jUj kf Kndwfhf ukhf gahW mua f xW mta njit vgij bgah czUjJjh j fhuz. mj beUfoahd neu f jiytf Ut bgahUF Jizahf cWl wd. r. M.nf. KfK, V.o. gbrtKjh mj U jitf. mnghJ Kdt bfh rkjhd thdhf Ujh. d 1947- Rju ah Kj mikruhf Mdh. dt MSe Mnyhrid FG X cWduhf UJ, d 1930- brid khfhz xU mikruhf Ujt. My mu cJiw mikr Mnyhrfuhf bghWngW bfhtjfhf Xk flYF nk khd gaz brJ bfhoUj nghJ Vgl g U gbrt cHjh. jifa O gdh g brt cHjJ j ehLF ngH vW bgah ydh.

f 15-tJ khy khehL 1940 Mf khj Uth% eilbgwJ. j khehonghJjh, d mP mzh vW mlD kahijlD miHf gl  (d fhu) e (luh#) mzh Jiu f iz brayhsuhf Mdh. jdJ <Lizaw vGjhwyhY, ngrh wyhY mt isPfis ftGjh. bgah bfhiff, nfhghLf, bra lfis jdJ fLiuf, Wfijf, df, ehlff _y gut mt bgUgfhdh.

1941 ut khj u #dehaf f Wtd jiyt v. v. uh bridF tJ bgah Uduhf jdh. fhu fF vuhf mida ms xU khbgU Tlia cUthFt  mt bgah cjia ehodh. ghr thahd Knrhy, ehrthahd y, uhQt bt bfhl nlhn#h Mnahiu l My Vfhgank nkyhdJ vW fUa tUtU yhJ eho ngh Kaf SF Mju mjd.

bjhlJ bgah nfh tj isthf, u iyafy kw cz LfY ghgdfSF jahf kwtfSF jahf cz gkhwgL tHf 1941 kh khj xfglJ.

f Uj nghF kd bfhl xU d bgah ufukhd r_f Uj lfis, kjyafis fLikahf kjij gFj bfhif fis urhubrjjij Ugiy. jifa vfis vyh g J ftiyglhj bgah jid R isPf S bghJkfS bfhl xU bgU Tlid uo bfhL j ghij bjhlJ brW bfhoUjh. j 1942-43 M ML fhyjh kaikah afF tJ nrjh; mJl bgah mtf jgl njitfis mt ftJ bfhlh. j jiytl Fj g bfhoUj mt mtUF Fj RthrJlnrit brjh. d 1949- mtf Ukz brJ bfhld.

uhl fHf 1944 - 1973

1944 Mf 27 mW nry eilbgw  f khy khL bgah af xU bgU U Kidahf mikjJ. f bga uhl fHf vd khwglJ My Mdh mfgl gjf, glf,midi ifLgo mj cWdf nfL bfhsglhf. jf bgaUF Uj #hglfis  Tl ifLgo mtf nfL bfhs gld. af cWdf njjf ngholTlhbjgJ Ko brag lJ. ntW brhf TWtjhdh, J tiu X mua fahf Uj  f uhl fHfkhf kh mua rhgw r_f fyhrhu afkhf MdJ. W Tl mJ thWjh csJ.

nghJ uhl fHf jiytuhf cs U ukF 11 tajhf UFnghJ mtiu nkir J fitJ tuyhW w f nry kheho ngr itf bgah mDkjh. Rakahij af UPhdrgj vW ukia ghitahsUF mP mzh mKf gLdh. (Mj g bfhl UPhd rgj irt uhzghlf aat.)

1944 M ML org W thu Kj , 1945 M ML #dt Kj thu tiu bgah tla gaz xW nkbfhlh. 1944 org 27 mW bfhfjh u #dehaf f kho bgah ngdh. mnghJ jdJ ehf fU Mrh vW T TldUF bgahiu v.v. uh mKf gLdh.

3 : 2 v ms fU d eLnt t tl bfhljhf uhl fHf bfho 1946- totikfgL VW bfhsglJ. J kj Mf  uhlf gl fSF, xLF KiwF milahskhf fU saJ. kfilna UF mahikia, _l eifia f, midJ tifahd, Fghf r_f fyhrhu RulfUJ mtfis fhf, cWahd Kaf nk bfhtij fhLtjhf t mikwJ.

kJiu 1946 nk khj fUril gil Ueh khehL xW VghL brJ eljglJ. ghgd J rdhjf Ljyh, khehL elj gj ulh eh vfglJ. mnj ML 9-M njaW,. a murik rl kw mikfgl KiwF vuhf bgah cWahf Fu vGdh.

1947Mf 15 mW ah Rju miljij bgah Jf dkhf mjh. bghUshjhu Rul kLk, r_f fyhrhu Mf iwj ghgd - gah Tll muR mfhu khw braglnj j f vW bgah fUaJnt j fhuz. Mnya Mia l j M f nkhrkhdjhf UF vWmt fUdh. 1950- ah Foaurhf mfglnghJ, VW bfhsgl a murik rlij g bgah J nghw fUijna bfhoUjh.
kfhkh fhl bgah y mogil brf fUJ khWglt uhf UjnghJ, Jt kjbtaf FLF fh iuahd 1948 #dt 30 mW bgah bgJ tUdh. ahF fh ehL vW bga Nlgl ntL vW mnghJ mt Mnyhrid Tdh

1948 kh khj brid khfhz muR fUril gil bjhlfSF jil jJ. jdh uhl fHfJF nkY gutyhd sgu iljJ.mj isthf xU yrJF nkgl kf, mtf bgUghnyh fUril mJ 1948 nk 8,9 njjf eilbgw uhl fHf kheho fyJ bfhld.

1948 #& khj kWgo gf  mKfgLjglnghJ, bgah mjF vuhd jdJ nghuhlij kWgo bjhldh. bjhlf fl mfhf cWahf UJ, j nghuhlF vuhf eltoiffis nkbfhl nghJ., bghJkf UgJF L bfhLf ntoa iyF cshd mtf flha  ghl lij Ug bgW bfhld.

ah f MHkhf, cWahf nt%Uj r_f nfLf midJ tz#h vD #h eilKiwia  gWtijna kakhf bfhlitahF. rkJtkw mLF Kiw #h mikF j jik mF J kj nfhgho UJ, mjid gWtUJ f Koahj Xmogil mrkhfnt j #h mikKiw mikjjhF. j #h mik Kiwah gadilgtf ca #h ghgdf kLnk; ahakw rYiff kW ghugakhfbgW tU mDTyfMat _y mtf msga brtij, kd Mwiy bgUjd. jifa r_f eilKiwia KY khwntL vW nghuhLnth rkkw xU ngh <Lglntoa iy Ujd. jah y r_f nfLfis xF gia VW bfhoUF jgltfS, affS vY rkur brJ bfhshk jf ghijia L yhfhk KG <LghLlD,ahf czlD braglntL vgij bgah jdJ gldhY, u jid ahY czUjh. mua mfhu bgw mtf njj ngholh, jf nehffh nghuhL Mtij mtf HJ Lthf vW bgah fUdh. Mdh mtiu gatf gyU ntWj fUJ bfhoUjd; mua <LgL murh gnff ntL vW Ud. bgahlUJ J bry njitahd xU thid mtf v nehUjd. jdJ 70-tJ ta 30 tajhd kaikia kzJ bfhlj _y bgah xU nkhrkhd K cjhuzij cUth lh vW TbfhL mtf 1948 #&iy 9 mW uhl fHij L btnadhf. J brw mtf .v. mzhJiu (mP mzh) jiyik uhl Kndw fHf vw fia cUthd.

JnghW ntLbknw ntbwhU nehfJl cz tkhf vGj v fis g J rry milahj bgah z bfhl rkJt r_f xiw cUthf uil klF ntfJl bjhlJ brayhdh.

1950 #dt 26 mW a murik rl eilKiwF tj, tuyhW ahf thf kWfgl r_f  kfSF f Wtd nrifY, muR g th Y l xJL mF brid mu rlij vJ ghgdf brid ca  kwF, cr kwF brwd. ntWghL fhl TlhJ vw mogil cik jdh wgLtjhf mtf Td. kwfS mtf fUij VW bfhL, r_f ia tsF l xJL Kiw murik rlF vuhdJ vW mjd.  ig vJ bgah bghJ Tlfis, khehLfis VghL brJ eldh. ehshf Mf j nghuhl u kiljJ. j isthf 1951- a murik rlfhd Kj Uj ehlhSkw iwnt murik rl  15-  2 nrfglJ; jhjgl gHFo kf myj rKf msY f iY js ju  kf Kndwfhf wghd rlf aWtij j nyh myyJ 29-M  2-tJ nyh TwgoUgJ vJ muRF jiliy.

1952 brlgh 23 mW bgah Rakahij urhu Wtd g bra glJ. 1953- bgah mWago, khy KGtY jd bfhlhl glJ. gFj tl Toa xU thifia nkbfhs ntL vW tWa bgah fwtfS, fatw kfS tgL vzw bjtf brayw jikia vLJ fhL Kiw ehaf iyfis ciljh.

jilna 1952-54 MLfSilna uh#nfhghyhrh ulhtJ Kiwahf brid khfhz Kjyikruhf gjF tjh. gf fhiy kLnk tFf elJ lij bfhL tj mt, gf jf bgnwh Fybjhiy mtf fW bfhs ntL vW nfL bfhlh. Kj flkhf  l khy uhk w gFf eilKiw gLjglJ. Nu, grk #h kf f atwtfshf, miuFiwahf gojt fshf itUF ju f xU tna  l vgij uhl jiytf rahf kld. gy W ML fhykhf f thf kWfgl  mtfsJ isf nghJjh gfSF bry bjhlsd. uh#nfhghyhrhah  f lij Fyf l vW fld brj mtf jid Ug bgw ntLbkw nghuhlij bgah jiyik bjhldhf. j isthf 1954 kh khj uh#nfhgyhrh Kj Kjyikr gjUJ yf nejJ.; Vu 14 mW fhkuh# Kjyikruhf bghWngwh.

miueh goF f lij fhkuh# dh. khy _iy KLf vyh kf f fF trfis muR gLJ vW bgahUF mt cW mjh. th kWfgltfSF f kW Uthf thf mF l xJL Kiwia neikl eilKiw gLj mt cWajh. fhkuh# jdJ cWbkhfis iwntajh, bgah fhkuh#UF jil Mju mjh. 1925 - fhuir L y 30 MLf fj  bgah fhuir Mjjh vw nghY, mt mj Mju jgl fhkuh# vgtUfhfjhnd m fhu ffhf my.

1954 etg org khjfY, 1955 #dtY bgahU mt kid kaikahU gkh knya ehLfSF urhu RW gaz brwd. jnghJ ahkh vdgL gkh, j kj ehlhL x fyJ bfhl bgah, lhl . M. mngfhUl ngR thij eldh. 1956 org 6 mW mngfh kuzkil tjF K j U bgatfS rJ ng bfhlJ Jnt W KiwhaF. ah y r_f kj uidf bjhlghf mtf UtU xj fUijna bfhoUjd.

gLnfhil mHrhF mr brYj bgah 1955 kh 28 mW jrh LfhLF brwh. mrh ber vwiHfgL mH uhl fHf bfhiff u gW bfhltU, bgh gwF ngrhw bfhltU Mth. 1949-M ML nj eh mt c jh. NufSF jahf ijF l csJ vgij FF X m gyif mUgij bgah flh. thW wj ijF, vF LfhoY Tl tzjkij filogij mF gyif itUgij MnrJ mt khtl MaUF xU foj vGdh. mj isthf mj m gyif fgL, mj eilKiw iflglJ.

tz jk fhghwgLtj milahskhf uhk Ugjh, uhk glij vF nghuhl xiw uhl fHf 1956 Mf 1 mW nkbfhlJ. m rka bgah jL fht ifJ bra glh.

1956 etg 1 mW bkhth khyf ahy cUthfgld; bgah j eltoifia tuntwh.

irt cz kLnk tHfgL vgij bjgjfhf ghgdf bfhLj nahridgo cz Lf ghgd czL vw bgagyiff mfyhUjd. thW tzjkij FF braYF uhl fHf v bjJ,1957 nk khj 5-njaW brid cs X cz L K X milahs nghuhlij bjhlaJ. dK mF brW nghuhoa bjhlf ehbshWF 10 ng j ifjhd. 1958 kh 22 mW fHf nfhif bt bgW tiu J bjhlJ eljJ.

1957 etg 26 mW tz#h KiwF ghJfh mJ cj murik rl  effis uhl fHf 10,000 bjhlf bfhS nghuhl eld. tuyhW w f j nghuhl fyJ bfhltf 3000-F nkgnlhUF 2 khj Kj 3 ML tiu fLfht iw jlid mfglJ.

1957 org 4 mW, fht Jiw d gntLf, ghgdfSF vuhf tKiw fhl jdJ bjhlfis odh vW bgah J Fw rho bghahf g bra gl tH bgahUF MW khj fLfht iw jlid mfglJ; bgah  Fwrhil kWjh.

#heilKiwia MjF murik rl  effis vjjfhf iw jlid bgw uhkrh, btisrh vw uL bjhlf iw UFnghnj c jd. mtf clfis fHfdl mf Ughj iw mfhf vig  bgUKa ng mtiw bgw kaikah U Ka f tna elj xU cz tagl khbgU Cty mtiw vLJ brW ca kahijfSl mlf brjh. iw jlid fLikdh, iwthr brj 15 bjhlf Ljiy milj c jd.

bgfq 1959 #dt muR rh eilbgw mida bkhf kheho bgah fyJ bfhlh. b#du fagh kW nklgh MnahUl nrJ Myij a mu M bkhahf of ntoa mtaij bgah tWdh. ut khj tla RWgaz xiw nkbfhl bgah, gFj, r_f , Rakahij thif Kiw Ma bfhiff g urhu brjh.

#h eilKiwid ka muR ghJfhJ fil ogjF v bjf a tiu glij vFkhW 1960 #& khj bgah kfis nfL bfhlh.  nghuhl fyJ bfhljfhf 4000-F nkgl bjhlf ifJ bragld.
ts nrF jdJ tHfP bjhiy ifL L af KGneu bjhluhf gahw Ktj iwa fHf jiyt . uk mtfis tuntW gFj ehnslhd Ljiy xU w fLiuia 1962- bgah vGdh.

KG neu f gahw Ug bjJ jHf Kjt gjia L yf fhkuh# KtjnghJ, bra mtUF jehL kfSF jbfhiy brJ bfhS braYF xghF vW bgah xU jia fhkuh#UF mDdh. vwhY fhkuh# jdJ Koit kh bfhsiy; mj isthf 1963 mnlhg 3 mW v. gjtry Kjt bghWngwh.

r. .. uhkrh ma jiyikyhd nja xUiz f gJiujgo, a ehoUJ J brY nfhif id gutij jil br rl xW 1963- ehlhSkw iwntwglJ. bgah f ukhf j rlij vjh.

y crtu zJ jehLmuR aa rlF vuhf cr  kw mj id vJ Vu 1964- khy bkF fld Tlfis uhl fHf elaJ.

 F vuhf 1965 #dt 25 Kj ut 15 tiu j eho bfhGJ L vj nghuhl gy cHjd; vj ir nghuhLtJ vw nehf ey Kiw VghL braglhj j nghuhlij bgah Fiw Tdh.

gR ghJfh vw bga, Jt nfhghodh btlgl xU tKiw Fg 1966 etg 7 mW o Uj fhkuh# oid vJ mtiu bfhiy bra Kawd. fhlhojdkhf  braiy foj bgah midJ tiffY fhkuh#iu fhghw l UFkhW kfis nfL bfhlh.

1957, 1962 kW 1967 bghJ njjfy uhl fHf fhu fia MjjJ; 1967 rlkw njj bt bgW M mikj uhl Kndw fHfij bgahh vjh. M mikjl, mP mzh jdJ mikrf midtUlD U brW jdJ Mrhdhd bgahUF kahij brYdh. brid khfhzij jehL vW Kf bga khw brjnghJ, Rakaij Ukzf rlgo brY vW mwjnghJ bgah k miljh. 1967 tiu Jnghw Ukzf rlgo mffgliy vwhY, Rakahij bfhiff fhuzkhf Mufzfhdtf jifa Ukzfis el tjd.

1967- bgah tla RW gaz xW nkbfhL, #h Kiwia xf ghL gLkhW kfis nfL bfhlh. yndh mnlhg 12, 13 njf eilbgw jhjgl, gHFod, gLjgl d, Wghikd khehL x bgah ngdh.

yrfzfhd j isPf jfw jiytuhf sa mP mzh 1969 ut 3-nj jdJ 60-tJ ta fhykhdh.j Ka lf xUtuhd mP mzh wjnghJ bgah ff tUdh.

tz #h _y fhuzf xwhd Mfk nfhf ghgdfis kLnk mrffshf agJ vW filof gL tj tHfij KoF bfhL tu nfh xU nghuhlij elJtJ vW uhl fHf jdJ bra FG Tl Ko brjJ.

midJyf ehLf f, ma,fhyrhu mikdh bgahUF UJ xW tHfglJ. 1970 #& khj 27-nj j Uij ka f mikr Fzhbr bgahl tHdh. J f fj, bjHF Mah rhuO, r_f Uj af jij, mahik, _leif, mjkw rlFf, thd gHf tHff Mat fL gift vW bgahiu g j U fJ ciufgLsJ.

cik vw j khj jiH (jnghJ J khjU jHhf bttUwJ) khl nud vw My khj jiHk bgah Kiwna 1970 kW 1971 M MLf bjhldh. gFj kjnea bfhiffis gutyhf gu nehfJl  giff bjhlfgld. uhkhaz ij g bgah vGa   bkh bgaF muR Uj jilia myfhgh ca kw 1971- aJ. brid fhu mudh jil brago Uj uhtz fha vw YF fgo Uj jil 1971- y bfhsglJ. vj #h wjtfshf UjhY r, jF gilj midtUF rk th mgjfhd rl xiw Kf muR 1971 #dt 12 mW iwntaJ. _leif x khbgU ngu xW nry #dt 23 mW eljglJ. uhzfY, fhrfY tf gl flf cikahd cUtfis jF glfis, ufis ngud vLJ brwd. tiw ghj r jik mw rdhjf y Tld J brUfis  vjd. Mj jt Uj Nu rf jiyia bto bfhw uhk glij mogjF ngu mj brUfisna gagL bfhld. bgah bjhl f bra br Jiwdh msF mfkhf bgJgLjgL ah KGtJ gugglJ. ngud vLJ brw M, bg flf glfis mtf btoUjd. 1971 kh khj eilbgw njj j f Kf fhu TlF vuhf gagLj glJ. vwhY U ffS bgUbt bgwd; Kf jehL rlkwY, fhu kY mWbgUghik bgW Mmikjd.

cik vw j khj jiH (jnghJ J khjU jHhf bttUwJ) khl nud vw My khj jiHk bgah Kiwna 1970 kW 1971 M MLf bjhldh. gFj kjnea bfhiffis gutyhf gu nehfJl  giff bjhlfgld. uhkhaz ij g bgah vGa   bkh bgaF muR Uj jilia myfhgh ca kw 1971- aJ. brid fhu mudh jil brago Uj uhtz fha vw YF fgo Uj jil 1971- y bfhsglJ. vj #h wjtfshf UjhY r, jF gilj midtUF rk th mgjfhd rl xiw Kf muR 1971 #dt 12 mW iwntaJ. _leif x khbgU ngu xW nry #dt 23 mW eljglJ. uhzfY, fhrfY tf gl flf cikahd cUtfis jF glfis, ufis ngud vLJ brwd. tiw ghj r jik mw rdhjf y Tld J brUfis  vjd. Mj jt Uj Nu rf jiyia bto bfhw uhk glij mogjF ngu mj brUfisna gagL bfhld. bgah bjhl f bra br Jiwdh msF mfkhf bgJgLjgL ah KGtJ gugglJ. ngud vLJ brw M, bg flf glfis mtf btoUjd. 1973 kh khj eilbgw njj j f Kf fhu TlF vuhf gagLj glJ. vwhY U ffS bgUbt bgwd; Kf jehL rlkwY, fhu kY mWbgUghik bgW Mmikjd.

#h ntWgho jF gilj midJ #h kfis nfh mrffshf af jehL mur 1971- iwnta rlF vuhf cr kw FHg iwj  xiw 1972 kh 14 mW tHaJ. jnghJs iyna of ntL vW nfhU nghfhsfSF Mjuthf mfhf  F sf mjnghJ, r_f, kj kW fyhrhu Jiw cl midJ iyfY rk kj cikfSfhf nghuhl kfis nto bgah xU nghuhlij mjh. J kj vwiHfgL ntj, ghgd rdhjd jkgo Nuf vW grkf vW Ljgl uhl d kfSF Vgl it FtjF  nghuhl njitahdjhf UjJ.

1973 org 8 , 9 njf brid xU khehL elj bgah VghL brjh. jH r_f  x khehL vW mJ miHfglJ. nfhf fUtiw midJ #hfis nrj kfS EiHtj rk cikfS thfS bgw nghuhLtjfhf fUtiw EiH nghuhl vw xU nghuhlij nkbfhs j khehL Ko brjJ. rkJt mogil xU r_f eilKiwia khaikgjF aikahj eltoifahf, #hf akd kW ju kj rlFf,rujhaf ghgd bgWs Mfid, cikaw rYiffis KoF bfhL tu ntoaj mtaij sf bgah xU bgU RW gazij nkbfhlh.

flis kWJ, fl tghil, urhuij vJ 1967- bgah Ta fbgw bghbkhfis bgah iy nkil bghjjF vuhd tHF xW mnlhg 11mW kwjh jSgo braglJ.

1973 org 19 mW brid ahfuha ef eilbgw jdJ W Tl r_f rkJtij, jkhd iwj thif Kiwia bgw jf eltoif nkbfhs kfSF MtkF nguiH xiw bga Ljh.

bgah thif, tuyh xU a Ugij VgL, xU J f bjhlf khf mikjjhF.

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Dravidar Kazhagam

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